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Basics
Other ways to draw price, what each hides or smooths, and the backtesting trap in Heikin-Ashi.
A line chart joins the closes only; some methods, such as Malaysian SnR, use it to find levels. Heikin-Ashi candles are averaged: each close is (open + high + low + close) ÷ 4 and each open is the midpoint of the previous Heikin-Ashi candle. That smooths trends into long runs of one colour, but the prices shown are not prices that actually traded.
Renko charts draw a brick each time price moves a fixed amount, ignoring time. Point and figure charts draw columns of Xs (rising) and Os (falling) with a set box size and reversal amount (often three boxes), also ignoring time; Wyckoff traders use them for the cause count.
For backtesting, Heikin-Ashi and Renko are a trap: entries and exits at their prices couldn't have been filled, and Renko bricks can form after the fact. Always test fills on real prices.
For education only, not financial advice.